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Last Updated on November 13, 2026 by Craig Allen Keefner

Kiosk History: Self-Service & Interactive Kiosk Timeline (1977–2026)

Updated November 2026 · By Craig Allen Keefner, moderator of the comp.infosystems.kiosks newsgroup from 1995, founder of Kiosks.org (1998) and the Kiosk Manufacturer Association (2018)

This is a working history of self-service technology: interactive kiosks, ATMs, self-checkout, self-order, airport check-in, vending, lockers and EV charging. People who were in the industry have kept it up since the mid-1990s. It draws on archived newsgroup posts, trade press, company records and first-hand accounts, and every major event links to a primary or independent source where one exists. Corrections and documentation are welcome.

Jump to: Key milestones · Eras · Contested “firsts” · 2020s · 2010s · 2000s · 1990s · 1980s · Before 1980 · Archive & sources

Key Milestones at a Glance

Year Milestone
1880s Coin-operated vending machines appear in London, the start of unattended self-service.
1955 Seeburg and Emerson’s “telejuke” combines a TV and jukebox in one public enclosure, sometimes called the first commercial self-service kiosk.
1967 Barclays opens the world’s first cash machine in Enfield, London (Barclays Archive).
1971 Sam Hurst founds Elographics (later Elo), whose sensor work leads to the touchscreen (ORNL).
1974 First UPC scan at a checkout, at Marsh supermarket in Troy, Ohio (Smithsonian).
1977 Murray Lappe’s Plato Hotline at the University of Illinois, the first widely recognized interactive information kiosk (Wikipedia).
1985 Florsheim deploys the first large commercial network of interactive kiosks for endless-aisle shoe ordering (Kiosk Marketplace).
1992 First supermarket self-checkout, at Price Chopper in Clifton Park, New York (NPR). Coinstar installs its first coin-counting kiosks in San Francisco (Coinstar profile).
1995–98 The comp.infosystems.kiosks newsgroup and Kiosks.org become the industry’s first online community.
2001 Kroger and Home Depot roll out self-checkout, the tipping point for retail self-service (Philadelphia Inquirer).
2002–03 Redbox begins inside McDonald’s Ventures (Redbox history). IATA publishes the first CUSS common-use kiosk specification (InfoWorld).
2010 2010 ADA Standards adopted, with Section 707 covering ATMs and fare machines (ADA.gov). The iPad launches the tablet-kiosk era.
2013 DOT requires accessible airline kiosks, with 25% per airport location (Federal Register).
2015 U.S. EMV liability shift, October 1 (Visa).
2018 McDonald’s adds self-order kiosks to 1,000 U.S. restaurants per quarter (CNBC). The Kiosk Manufacturer Association is formed.
2019 European Accessibility Act adopted (EUR-Lex).
2020 The pandemic drives contactless, temperature-check and self-service adoption.
2022 The U.S. Access Board opens rulemaking on self-service kiosks (Access Board).
2025 The EAA applies to self-service terminals from June 28 (EUR-Lex).
2026 CUSS 2 cutover, EN 301 549 V4.1.1, and drive-thru voice AI at scale (see 2026 below).

The Eras of Self-Service

Pre-electronic Self-Service (1880s–1950s)

The word “kiosk” comes from the Persian and Ottoman garden pavilion, and later meant newsstands and street booths. Self-service as a business idea started with coin-operated vending in the 1880s. Machines in Britain dispensed postcards, stamps and sweets, and gumball and cigarette machines spread in the U.S. Knoxville’s 1912 weather kiosk, which is still standing, was an early public information station.

Machines That Transact (1955–1976)

The 1955 telejuke put entertainment in a public enclosure, and the 1967 Barclays cash machine showed the public would trust a machine with money. Elographics’ resistive sensors (1971) and the first UPC checkout scan (1974) supplied two building blocks that every later kiosk would use: touch and barcode.

The First Interactive Kiosks (1977–1989)

The 1977 Plato Hotline drew lines of students eager to try a “personal computer” for the first time. Elographics showed touchscreen TVs to the public at the 1982 Knoxville World’s Fair (Elo), MicroTouch introduced capacitive touch, and Florsheim’s 1985 network proved kiosks could sell. Minitel showed the reach of public terminals in France.

Multimedia and the Internet (1990–1999)

CD-ROM multimedia kiosks served museums, libraries and trade shows. The web turned them into Internet kiosks. Self-checkout (1992), Coinstar (1992) and photo kiosks all became retail categories. The industry organized online through comp.infosystems.kiosks, the 1995 Los Alamos report, Kiosks.org (1998) and the first KioskCom show (1997).

Mainstream Self-Service (2000–2009)

Self-checkout went national, airlines standardized common-use check-in (CUSS, 2003), and DVD rental kiosks (Redbox, NCR/Blockbuster) peaked. Consolidation began: NCR bought Kinetics, Galvanon and Netkey, Fujitsu bought Optimal Robotics, and Networld bought the trade media.

Tablets, Accessibility and Self-Order (2010–2019)

The iPad brought cheaper countertop kiosks. The 2010 ADA Standards, the 2013 DOT airport kiosk rule, the 2015 EMV shift and the 2017 Section 508 refresh (Section508.gov) set design rules. McDonald’s self-order rollout (2018) made kiosks standard in quick-service restaurants, and Amazon Go (2018) introduced checkout-free retail.

Contactless, AI and Regulation (2020–Present)

The pandemic made contactless self-service the default. Accessibility became law, not just best practice: the EAA (2025), the HHS Section 504 kiosk rules (HHS) and EN 301 549 V4.1.1 (2026). Edge AI, conversational ordering and SoftPOS changed what a kiosk is. The industry consolidated: Zebra bought Elo, 365 Retail Markets bought Cantaloupe, and Brink’s agreed to buy NCR Atleos.

Contested “Firsts”

  • First kiosk: The answer depends on the definition. The 1955 telejuke was the first public self-service entertainment enclosure. The 1977 Plato Hotline was the first interactive computer information kiosk; most sources give 1977, though some accounts say 1973. Florsheim’s 1985 project was the first commercial kiosk network.
  • First self-checkout: Dr. Howard Schneider’s system at Price Chopper, Clifton Park, New York, in 1992 (All Over Albany). NCR’s first self-checkout went live in January 1998 at Ball’s Hen House in Lenexa, Kansas.
  • First ATM: Barclays, Enfield, June 27, 1967, developed with De La Rue’s John Shepherd-Barron (Barclays Archive). Earlier cash-dispensing and check-cashing machines, such as Luther Simjian’s 1960s “Bankograph”, are sometimes cited.
  • First Internet kiosk: The 1991 Comdex missing-children kiosk is often cited. University and government Internet kiosks from 1993–95, including Maryland, Delaware NetSitter and the University of Texas I-Tower, are documented in the archive below.

Chronology by Year

2026

Themes: Edge AI moves inference onto the kiosk. Drive-thru voice AI reaches production scale. Hybrid payment (cash, contactless, QR, wallets, BNPL) becomes the norm. Accessibility law reshapes hardware. Some retailers and QSRs pull back on self-checkout and bring back cashiers (Philadelphia Inquirer; New York Post).

  • January – IATA support for CUSS 1 ends, and airports must complete the move to CUSS 2 by year-end (SITA). See CUSS and CUPPS — Where Airport Self-Service Goes Next.
  • January 8 – NCR Voyix begins moving its self-checkout and POS hardware to Ennoconn under an outsourced manufacturing model (NCR Voyix).
  • January 13 – Amazon introduces portable RFID Just Walk Out lanes for events (Amazon).
  • February 2 – Connect Media acquires Networld Media Group, publisher of Kiosk Marketplace, ATM Marketplace and Digital Signage Today (Built In LA).
  • February 26 – Brink’s agrees to acquire NCR Atleos for about $6.6 billion (SEC). Shareholders approve June 30, with closing subject to regulatory clearance (SEC).
  • April – Passing of Ron Bowers, a Kiosk Industry Hall of Fame member who spent 35 years at Frank Mayer and helped form the first kiosk association. Tribute.
  • April 20 – DOJ extends the ADA Title II web and mobile compliance dates (Federal Register).
  • May 7 – HHS extends its Section 504 web and mobile compliance dates by one year. Kiosk obligations remain (HHS).
  • May 11 – 365 Retail Markets completes its $848 million Cantaloupe acquisition (Cantaloupe). Under an FTC order, Three Square Market goes to Seaga (FTC).
  • May 18 – Bitcoin Depot files Chapter 11 to wind down (SEC). States ban crypto ATMs over fraud, and Vermont becomes the fourth in September (AARP).
  • July 1 – JCM completes its purchase of Fujitsu Frontech’s dispenser and recycler business, including the F53 (JCM). See End of an Era.
  • July 2 – Thanh Hoa, Vietnam, launches a full-process AI kiosk for citizen services (Vietnam News Agency).
  • July 20 – Datacap launches SureTap SoftPOS (Newswire).
  • Mid-year – McDonald’s unveils its ArchIQ platform with Google. Its “Archy” drive-thru voice assistant passes 1 million pilot orders (CIO.inc).
  • September – ETSI publishes EN 301 549 V4.1.1, the harmonised standard supporting the EAA (ETSI).
  • October 22 – Bojangles expands Hi Auto drive-thru voice AI to all restaurants (Restaurant Dive).
  • October 26 – KIOSK Information Systems opens its new headquarters in Thornton, Colorado (KIOSK).
  • October 27 – Diebold Nixdorf and Euronet announce a global ATM collaboration (Euronet).
  • November – Taco Bell voice AI passes 900 drive-thrus, heading for 1,500 by year-end (Restaurant Business).

2025

  • June 28 – The European Accessibility Act begins applying to self-service terminals, including ATMs, ticketing, check-in and information kiosks. Existing terminals may stay in service up to 20 years (EUR-Lex).
  • October 1 – Zebra Technologies completes its acquisition of Elo from Crestview (SEC).
  • Advantech completes its acquisition of AURES Technologies, the French POS and kiosk maker.
  • 365 Retail Markets announces its deal to buy Cantaloupe, which closes in 2026.
  • SoundHound and Acrelec partner on conversational AI ordering. SoundHound launches Vision AI so kiosks can “see” as well as “hear”.
  • Digital signage consolidates: Poppulo acquires REACH Media Network, Displai acquires Raydiant assets, STRATACACHE acquires SNED, Dgtgroup merges six integrators, and Trison acquires Zero-In. BrightSign launches an AI toolkit. MicroLED and transparent OLED displays go mainstream.
  • The Access Board’s proposed kiosk rule is withdrawn from OMB review in January. Its ADA safe harbor is gone, but the underlying ADA obligations remain. See The ADA Kiosk Rule That Almost Happened.

2024

  • DOJ adopts the ADA Title II web and mobile accessibility rule on April 24 (Federal Register). HHS adopts Section 504 rules that include explicit kiosk requirements for funded providers (HHS).
  • California’s $20 fast-food minimum wage speeds up kiosk, robotics and kitchen-automation investment.
  • Samsung adds Windows-based kiosks. NCR and Diebold effectively become resellers in kiosks, and NCR loses self-checkout share.
  • Cole Kepro’s American Kiosks bitcoin venture goes into receivership.
  • Digital Signage Expo holds its last Las Vegas trade show and moves to a smaller conference format.
  • The kiosk association opens membership to Chinese and APAC manufacturers.

2023

  • Samsung launches Tizen-based self-order kiosks with GRUBBRR.
  • EV charging and large curved LED displays dominate trade shows.
  • March – Disability rights pioneer Judy Heumann dies at 75.
  • January – NRF returns to pre-pandemic attendance.

2022

  • September 21 – The U.S. Access Board issues an advance notice of proposed rulemaking for self-service transaction machines and kiosks (Access Board).
  • Countertop self-order comes of age: Samsung’s 24-inch units sell through GRUBBRR and Clover, and LG follows with 27-inch units with accessibility features. Panera and Shake Shack widen their deployments.
  • Facial recognition payment emerges, including PopID with Datacap and IDMission. Amazon expands Just Walk Out.
  • Robotics: Miso Robotics at Panera, Chili’s “Rita” robot server and LG’s CLOi ServeBot.
  • The federal NEVI program funds EV charging nationwide. Iotecha and other OEMs supply Samsung and others, and chargers appear at Costco.
  • Storm Interface’s AudioPad becomes nearly standard kiosk equipment.
  • May – New York removes its last coin-operated public payphone.
  • Trade shows refill. The National Restaurant Association show in Chicago draws 40,000.

2021

  • Samsung enters restaurant self-order with its own kiosk.
  • Mastercard announces it will phase out magnetic stripes.
  • Frank Olea becomes executive chairman of Olea Kiosks, with four generations of the family in the business.
  • TES relaunches MicroTouch monitors.
  • NRF 2021 goes virtual.

2020

  • March – The pandemic triggers a surge in temperature-check, contactless and self-service deployments as person-to-person service declines.
  • Glory takes an 80% stake in Acrelec for €223M.
  • 3M exits the touchscreen market.
  • June 10 – Passing of Alan Fryrear, founder of Networld Alliance, who bought Kiosks.org and used it to launch Kiosk Marketplace.

2019

  • April 17 – The European Accessibility Act, Directive (EU) 2019/882, is adopted (EUR-Lex).
  • KMA presents its ADA and Accessibility Code of Practice to the full U.S. Access Board.
  • KMA exhibits at NRF for the first time. Intel joins KMA.
  • Verifone acquires Zivelo, which is later dissolved. Slabb is acquired by a micro-market company.
  • KT Systems wins an intellectual property suit against NCR.

2018

  • June – McDonald’s commits to adding self-order kiosks to 1,000 U.S. restaurants each quarter (CNBC).
  • June – The Kiosk Manufacturer Association (KMA) is formed and meets with the U.S. Access Board for the second consecutive year.
  • Amazon Go opens to the public in Seattle (Wikipedia).
  • Smart city, transportation and lighting kiosk projects surge. Digital signage pioneer Lyle Bunn passes away.

2017

  • January 18 – The Access Board publishes the refreshed Section 508 standards for ICT, including kiosks used by federal agencies (Section508.gov).
  • Passing of Eric Dumouchel of Ultimedia France, one of the industry’s pioneers.

2016

  • Posiflex acquires KIOSK Information Systems (KIOSK).
  • December 12 – Airline kiosks installed from this date must meet DOT accessibility specifications (Federal Register).
  • Amtrak issues a new kiosk RFP.
  • Passing of James Bickers, editor of Kiosk Marketplace and Retail Customer Experience, at 45.

2015

  • October 1 – U.S. EMV liability shift (Visa).
  • February – Networld closes the Digital Screenmedia Association and starts ICXA.

2014

  • January – KioskIndustry.org launches, with Provisio as its first sponsor.
  • April – Coinstar launches gift-card exchange kiosks.
  • October – RTC of Chicago sues more than 10 companies over the “449” kiosk patent.
  • December – JD Events ends CETW. Lawrence Dvorchik, the man behind KioskCom, produces his final kiosk show.
  • Passing of John Curran, former European president of National Semiconductor and Control Data.

2013

  • November 12 – DOT publishes its airport kiosk accessibility rule, requiring at least 25% of kiosks at each location to be accessible (Federal Register).
  • Coinstar shuts down several ventures, including Rubi coffee kiosks. ecoATM is sold for more than $300M.
  • Google adds managed public sessions (kiosk mode) to Chrome.
  • Safeway commits to SoloHealth health kiosks. Pharmacy automation grows.
  • Kiosk Industry Hall of Fame voting begins.

2012

  • March 15 – The 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design take effect (DOJ).
  • April – Tyco sells Elo TouchSystems to Gores for about $380M.
  • October – RetecDigital buys Neoproducts UK.
  • November – ServiceOntario pulls its DMV kiosks after skimming attacks in Toronto. HealthSpot unveils telehealth kiosks.
  • Moki launches MokiTouch for Android. KIOSK debuts the StoreBOT vending system at NRF.

2011

  • NCR acquires Radiant Systems.
  • Walmart rolls out MoneyCenters.
  • Hertz deploys NCR car-rental kiosks with video assist. Kinetic/NCR win the Greyhound ticketing contract.
  • CTS shows the first height-adjustable kiosk at HIMSS.
  • Olea releases its PadLock iPad enclosure.
  • ecoATM raises $14.4M.
  • Pennsylvania’s liquor kiosks shut down.
  • Coca-Cola tests facial recognition vending.

2010

  • April – The iPad launches. Within months Olea and others announce iPad enclosures, and the tablet-kiosk era begins.
  • September 15 – DOJ adopts the 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design. Section 707 covers ATMs and fare machines (ADA.gov).
  • April – The Self-Service & Kiosk Association merges with the Digital Signage Association to form the Digital Screenmedia Association.
  • August – Blockbuster files for bankruptcy as NCR’s DVD kiosks approach 10,000 units.
  • Kohl’s announces a 1,000-unit kiosk deployment. Hot Topic deploys 1,500 units with Netkey and Olea. Subway debuts drive-thru ordering kiosks.
  • Ariane Systems launches the first mobile-enabled hotel check-in.
  • Major suppliers stop offering Windows XP Pro.

2009

  • NCR buys Netkey, which began as Lexitech.
  • NCR moves its headquarters from Dayton to Georgia.
  • Meridian acquires King Products.
  • CLEAR ceases operations.
  • Jack in the Box debuts food-ordering kiosks.
  • Noritsu buys Lucidiom.
  • Rick Malone is inducted into the Kiosk Hall of Fame.

2008

  • HP enters the kiosk market, teaming with KIOSK Information Systems.
  • KioskCom Las Vegas, rebranded “Self Service Expo”, reports 28% more registrants.
  • Passing of Don England of Livewire.

2007

  • Flextronics buys WebRaiser. Touchvision closes.
  • Major projects for Amtrak, Fujitsu, Dave & Buster’s, AT&T and Speedway.

2006

  • Zebra acquires Swecoin.
  • Compar goes bankrupt, Ceroview closes, and King restructures.
  • Esprida spins off from Touchpoint.
  • TIO Networks passes 1,000 deployed units.
  • Alex Richardson becomes president of the Self-Service & Kiosk Association.
  • Passing of Kevin O’Keeffe of Netshift UK.

2005

  • KioskCom is sold to JD Events.
  • KIOSK Information Systems buys the kiosk.com domain from Networld.
  • Networld launches selfservice.org.
  • NCR buys Galvanon.
  • IBM announces the Anyplace Kiosk.
  • Kiosks.org is shut down.

2004

  • NCR buys Kinetics and enters airline check-in. Fujitsu acquires Optimal Robotics, the U-Scan self-checkout maker.
  • Networld buys Kiosk Magazine, Kiosk.com and the Fall Kiosk Show.
  • RFID and the Electronic Product Code take hold.

2003

  • May – IATA publishes the first CUSS specification for common-use airport kiosks (InfoWorld). Las Vegas McCarran launches the first major multi-airline CUSS installation with ARINC and twelve airlines (CUSS Kiosks & CUTE Standards).

2002

  • Redbox begins inside McDonald’s Ventures (Redbox history).
  • ATMIA and Kiosks.org form a partnership. The KOA Advisory Board meets in Atlanta.

2001

  • Kroger and Home Depot install self-checkout, the industry’s tipping point (Philadelphia Inquirer).
  • Kioskmarketplace.com launches.
  • Members of Kiosks.org meet for the first time in Orlando, the “Bay Hill Bunch”.
  • NCR announces 400 units for Federated. Staples rolls out Internet access points to 954 stores. Netkey partners with NCR. MicroTouch re-enters the kiosk market.

2000

  • Kiosks.org LLC sells Kiosks.org to Networld Alliance.
  • Kiosk Business magazine begins publication.
  • IDC publishes “Kiosk Technologies and Strategy”.
  • W3C accessibility guidelines are applied to kiosks.

1999

  • Kiosk Magazine begins publication.
  • MicroTouch launches TouchStation, a touch-enabled iMac.
  • The industry contests the Mettke kiosk patent.

1998

  • January 20 – NCR’s first self-checkout goes live at Ball’s Hen House, Lenexa, Kansas.
  • April – Kiosks.org launches, the birth of the kiosk association.
  • Frost & Sullivan estimates U.S. interactive kiosks grew from 5,100 (1993) to 39,200 (1996).

1997

  • November – The first KioskCom show is held in New York.
  • Public Internet kiosks appear at Mall of America.
  • Union Bank of California deploys interactive banking kiosks.
  • Netshift 1.44 adds Internet Explorer support.

1996

  • “Kiosk mode” browsing becomes a recurring topic on comp.infosystems.kiosks.
  • Francie Mendelsohn of Summit Research joins the newsgroup.

1995

  • January – Los Alamos National Laboratory publishes its report on Internet kiosks.
  • August – Craig Keefner becomes moderator of the comp.infosystems.kiosks (CIK) newsgroup.
  • Columbia University deploys a patient kiosk.
  • Sun launches Java.

1994

  • Elographics becomes Elo TouchSystems.
  • Kodak introduces self-service photo kiosks; sources give 1994 or 1995.
  • Summit Research Associates is founded.
  • Netscape Navigator launches.

1993

  • KIOSK Information Systems is founded in Colorado.
  • Swecoin sells the TTP101, the first modern kiosk printer.
  • Mosaic launches.

1992

  • Dr. Howard Schneider installs the first supermarket self-checkout at Price Chopper, Clifton Park, New York (NPR).
  • Coinstar installs its first coin-counting kiosks in San Francisco (Coinstar profile).
  • Holly Systems is founded.

1991

  • The first kiosk shown as a product at Comdex, a missing-children application.
  • MarCole is founded by Ron Coleman and Sandy Markus.
  • The World Wide Web is released by CERN.

1989

  • NeoProducts is founded in Australia.
  • Windows 3.0 previews.

1988

  • MicroTouch ships the first Windows touchscreen driver.

1987

  • Elo acquires IntelliTouch surface acoustic wave technology from Zenith and four-wire resistive (DuraTouch) technology from Kennedy Technology.

1986

  • Raychem acquires Elo. Factura is founded and delivers more than 45,000 enclosures over the next 12 years.
  • MicroTouch introduces the first Mac touchscreen.

1985

  • Florsheim deploys interactive kiosks in hundreds of stores, built by ByVideo (Harvey Smythe) and the pre-MarCole team. It is the first major commercial kiosk network (Kiosk Marketplace).
  • MicroTouch introduces capacitive touch.

1984

  • MicroTouch ships its first touch monitor.

1983

  • Lexitech, later Netkey, is founded at the Yale School of Management.

1982

  • Elographics shows touchscreen TVs to the public at the Knoxville World’s Fair (Elo).
  • MicroTouch is founded.

1981

  • France Telecom begins deploying Minitel (Teletel), the first mass public terminal network; national rollout followed in 1982.
  • The U.S. Department of Defense adopts Code 39 barcodes (LOGMARS).

1977

  • April – Murray Lappe’s Plato Hotline debuts in the University of Illinois Student Union. Built on the PLATO system with a plasma touchscreen, it lists movies, maps, directories, bus schedules and courses, and more than 30,000 people line up to try it in six weeks (Wikipedia).
  • Elographics, backed by Siemens, develops the curved-glass sensor that becomes the touchscreen.

1974

  • June 26 – The first UPC barcode scan at a checkout, a pack of Wrigley’s gum at Marsh supermarket in Troy, Ohio (Smithsonian).

1971

  • Dr. Sam Hurst founds Elographics. Its first order, 25 Model E-100 units, ships to MIT on November 30 (ORNL).

1967

  • June 27 – Barclays opens the world’s first cash machine in Enfield, London, developed with De La Rue’s John Shepherd-Barron, who also proposed the four-digit PIN (Barclays Archive).

1960

  • Xerox ships the 914 copier, the beginnings of pay-per-use self-service.
  • Large-scale electronic signage is used in New York for the Kennedy election.

1955

  • Seeburg and Emerson release the “telejuke”, a TV and jukebox in one public enclosure sold to bars.

1912

  • Knoxville, Tennessee installs a seven-foot weather kiosk with maps, forecasts and instruments. It is still standing.

1880s

  • Coin-operated machines in Britain dispense postcards, stamps and sweets. Gumball and cigarette machines follow in the U.S., and wine and beer fountains in Paris.

Archive & Sources

The original newsgroup posts, the 1995 Los Alamos report, early university kiosk papers, Kiosks.org newsbits and the 1997–2002 patent list are kept in the Kiosk History Archive. These records are often used in prior-art and patent disputes. Where an original link has expired, use the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine.

Related: Kiosk Industry History · Kiosk Software – History and Evolution · Kiosk History articles

Redesigned in November 2026 — Kiosk History-prior-compressed

Credits

Compiled by Craig Allen Keefner with contributions from industry members over three decades, including Billy Giaimo, Kirk Nelson and the NCR self-checkout pioneers named in the archive. To suggest a correction or add a documented milestone, contact KioskIndustry.org.

About This History and Other Sources

The Wikipedia article Interactive kiosk is a useful reference for the early history of kiosks, including the Plato Hotline and early touchscreen work. As of November 2026 it does not cover the past decade in detail: the European Accessibility Act and EN 301 549, U.S. Access Board kiosk rulemaking, airline CUSS standards, the shift to self-order and AI ordering, and recent industry consolidation.

This page here on kioskindustry.org is maintained by people who have worked in the self-service industry since the mid-1990s, and it is updated each year. Where possible, entries link to primary sources such as standards bodies, government agencies and company filings. Corrections and documented additions are welcome.

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